What are amalgam fillings?

Amalgam is a dental material composed of mercury mixed with metals like silver, tin, copper, and zinc. Known for their exceptional durability, amalgam fillings resist corrosion, chewing pressure, and general wear. These qualities made them a long-standing favourite, particularly for restoring teeth subjected to high stress, such as molars.

Advantages of amalgam fillings

1. Long-Lasting Durability: Amalgam fillings can remain functional for decades, outlasting many other dental materials.
2. Resistant: Their exceptional load-bearing capacity makes them ideal for restoring teeth exposed to significant chewing pressure, such as molars
3. Cost-Effective and Convenient: Amalgam is one of the most affordable dental materials. Its ease of use allows dentists to apply it quickly and efficiently without the need for extended setting times or complex procedures.

Disadvantages and risks of amalgam fillings

1. Aesthetic Concerns: The gray-silver appearance of amalgam fillings contrasts sharply with the natural color of teeth, which many patients find unappealing. Additionally, the material can sometimes cause discoloration of the surrounding tooth.
2. Environmental impact: The handling and disposal of mercury-containing materials pose significant environmental challenges due to their potential for pollution.
3. Potential health risks: While scientific research has not definitively proven that amalgam fillings harm health, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to mercury or other metals in the mixture.

How Harmful Are Amalgam Fillings to the Body?

Amalgam fillings are generally considered safe for most individuals. No scientific studies have definitively linked them to systemic side effects.

However, in rare cases, the metal components in the filling may cause localised allergic reactions. Symptoms of these reactions can include canker sores, ulcers, metallic stomatitis, herpes-like lesions, or whitish patches on the oral mucosa.

The greatest risks associated with amalgam fillings are environmental and occupational rather than personal. Mercury-containing materials are highly polluting, making their handling and disposal a significant environmental concern. This is one of the main reasons amalgam fillings are no longer commonly used.Additionally, the processing and removal of amalgam fillings can release mercury vapor, posing a potential health risk to dental professionals who are most exposed to it during these procedures.

 Should Amalgam Fillings Be Replaced?

Amalgam fillings typically do not need to be replaced if they are in good condition and free of problems. Despite advancements in modern dental materials, amalgam remains one of the most durable and resilient options with excellent physical properties.If the filling is intact, seals the tooth effectively, and does not cause any health concerns, there is usually no need for removal. However, replacement may be necessary in certain situations, such as: damage to the filling, including cracks or breakage, the filling falling out, development of decay around the filling, allergic reactions or sensitivity to the metal components. In these cases, consulting with a dentist to explore replacement options is recommended.

What Are the Alternatives to Amalgam Fillings?

If an amalgam filling needs replacement, there are several modern, aesthetic, and safe options to consider:

1. Composite fillings: For smaller cavities, a composite filling can be an excellent alternative. These fillings are tooth-coloured, offering a natural appearance while maintaining functionality
2. Inlay/Onlay fillings: Amalgam fillings often required removing a significant amount of tooth structure to ensure the filling stayed securely in place. As a result, restoring the tooth with a standard filling may no longer be sufficient. In such cases, inlays are a better option. These custom-made restorations offer durability comparable to amalgam and are designed to fit precisely within the cavity, preserving more of the natural tooth structure.